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骨料级配的恰当与否，对于混凝土浇筑及抹面所需的用水量影响很大。骨料的级配应使混合料在不影响和易性时拌和水用量*少。同样，粘土类材料易于干缩而导致干裂，过量的拌和水也会增加收缩及开裂。
三、常见裂缝类型
1．细裂缝（网状、龟裂状）
细裂缝发生在表面，呈规则或不规则的网络状。它是因混凝土（或其他水泥材料）面层的缩引起的。这种裂缝的深度一般不超过3mm，常见于硬结的，金属镘抹表面或潮湿的表面。典型的裂缝呈六边型，对角线长40mm，通常在早期形成。
虽然细裂缝不影响混凝土的结构整体性，不影响其耐久性和耐磨性，但它十分显眼，影响美观。
造成网状裂缝原因有：
a） 养护方法不对或不够；
b） 在高温或多风气候下进行浇筑作业时，未使用缓蒸发剂（MASTER KURE 111CF），导致在塑性状混凝土的表面“结壳”，**产生龟裂；
c） 过大的坍落度，过度的表面镘抹，或过度压迫（篾式夯压器施工）都会使粗骨料下落，导致水泥浆和细骨料过度集中于表面。这种表面砂浆过富是产生龟裂的主要原因；
d） 混凝土抹面时造成的表面渗水，过度镘抹或过早镘抹均会使水灰比增加，造成脆弱面层，使表面易于龟裂和起尘；
e） 为使过湿表面干燥而加洒水泥灰也会产生龟裂；
f） 在抹面时为了光整，对干撒表面另外加水，这也是产生龟裂的另一重要原因。
为了防止龟裂，必须做到：
a) 严格按照基础处理工艺施工；
b) 在表面尚未受损时，尽快按养护程序进行养护。采用**、适当的养护工艺；
c) 采用中等的坍落度；
d) 不在表面喷洒水泥灰或水；
e) 摸去多余的渗出水，不要迫使它返回混凝土内；
f) 当渗出水还留在表面时，不要做且面磨光；
2．塑性收缩开裂
这类裂缝出现在对新浇筑的混凝土表面作抹面处理时，或抹面处理后不久。这种裂缝的间距一般大至1m，平行排列（或呈鸡爪状），深12mm，很少扩展至周边。
与龟裂类似，塑性收缩裂纹很少会影响混凝土的强度，但影响美观。
多数情况下，这种形式的开裂是由于表面水分的蒸发超过了表面水分的析出，当表面收缩时，内部的混凝土体积仍保持不变。
影响的因素有：
Aggregate gradation appropriate or not, for concrete pouring and clean surface water required a great impact. Aggregate gradation mixture mixing water should be at least the amount does not affect the workability. Similarly, clay-like material easy to shrinkage caused by dry, excess mixing water will increase the shrinkage and cracking.
Third, the common types of fractures
1. Fine cracks (mesh, crack-like)
Fine cracks occur in the surface, in a regular or irregular network-like. It is the result of concrete (or other cementitious material) surface condensation caused. This crack depth is generally not more than 3mm, common in induration, wipe the surface of the metal trowel or wet surface. Typical crack was hexagonal, diagonal 40mm, usually early in the formation.
Although fine cracks do not affect the structural integrity of the concrete, it does not affect its durability and wear resistance, but it is very prominent, affect the appearance.
Resulting in net cracks reasons:
a) incorrect or inadequate maintenance method;
b) When at high temperatures or windy weather were pouring operation, unused slow evaporation agent (MASTER KURE 111CF), resulting in a plastic trait concrete surface, "crust" and finally cracks;
c) excessive slump, excessive surface wipe trowel, or excessive oppression (bamboo type ram pressure device construction) will cause the coarse aggregate fall, resulting slurry and the fines excessive concentration on the surface. Such a surface is too rich mortar is the main reason for cracks;
d) When the concrete surface caused by wiping the surface of water seepage, excessive or premature trowel trowel wipe wipe both water-cement ratio will increase, causing the fragile surface layer, the surface is easy to crack and dusting;
e) to make the surface too wet add dry mortar will crack watering;
f) In order to wipe the surface finishing, surface dry sprinkle additional water, which is another important reason to produce cracking.
To prevent cracking, must be:
a) the basis of treatment in strict accordance with the construction process;
b) on the surface has not been damaged, according to the conservation program as soon as possible conservation. A comprehensive, appropriate conservation technology;
c) the use of moderate slump;
d) not spray cement dust or water surface;
e) touch to the excess seeping water, do not force it to return to within the concrete;
When f) when seeping water still left on the surface, do not do and polished surface;
2. Plastic shrinkage cracking
Such cracks appear in the pouring of new concrete surface for wiping surface treatment, surface treatment or shortly after wiping. Spacing such cracks are generally large to 1m, parallel (or in chicken-like), deep 12mm, rarely extended to the surrounding.
And cracks similar to plastic shrinkage cracks rarely affect the strength of concrete, but affect the appearance.
In most cases, this form of cracking is due to the evaporation of surface moisture exceeds the precipitation of surface water, when the surface contraction, the internal volume of the concrete remains unchanged.
Factors are:

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